Electro-magnetic engine



(No Model.)

3 Sheets-Sheet l. A. E. SCHREIBER.Y

ELECTRO MAGNETIG ENGINE.

Patented Deo. 19, 1882.

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N. PETERS. vhamfLivhagrapmr. wuhingnm D. C.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2. A. E. SCHREIBBR.

ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENGINE.

(No Model.)

N0. 269,331. Patented Dec.19, 1382 (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 A. E. SCHREIBEN.

. ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENGINE.

No. 269,331. Patented Deo.19,1882.,

lilly/65569: LZ1/'61225)' l Y f v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 269,331, dated December 19, 1882,

Application filed May 1, 1852. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, ADoLrH SoHREiBER, ofthe city ol'Broolilyn, in the county of Kings and State ot' New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement; in Electro-Magnetic Engines, of which the following is a specilication.

rlhe object ofthe present invention is twofold: first, to give a greater range ot' motion to the lever and rod which connects the moving armatures to the balance-wheel or other part to which motion is transmitted, whereby a longer crank, with its consequent advantage, can be used upon such wheel; and, second, to effect a saving ot' magnetic force by arranging the poles of the magnets in different planes and shaping the faces of the armatures to conform substantially to the different planes of such poles, whereby the armatures, as they approach the poles, will be within a stronger magnetic field during a greater time or distance than would be practicable were the poles ot' the separate magnets iu the same plane with each other and the faces ofthe armatures not shaped to conform to them.

The first of the above-named objects is carried into practice by attaching a series of armatures directly to a rock-frame, so that they will partake of the motion of such framethat is, swing from a common center-and will co-operate with a series of magnets arranged upon a lower plane, substantially as hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

The second object above named can be con veniently effected by placing one ot thel arms ot' each magnet at au angle or incline with its other arm and shaping the faces of the armatures so as to be substantially parallel with the different planes passing over the poles ot' the magnets, as hereinafter more fully explained.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, (three sheets,) in which Figure l is a plan or top view ot' an electro-magnetic engine embodying the improvements. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section ot' the same through the line w x oi'Fig. l, certain parts being shown in elevation. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of thc same; and'Fig. elisa view in elevation ofone ot the sides of the rock-frame, showing the series ot' notches or slots in which the arms ot' the armatures rest.

In the drawings, A represents the frame ot' the machine or engine, which is of wood, iron, or other suitable material.

B B are cross-bars, upon each of which is mounted a series ot' magnets, one series being designated by C and the other by O. These magnets, as shown in the drawings, are horseshoe in shape, having one arm, a., of each vertical and the other arm, b, inclined toward the arm a, so that the same plane surface would Ilot rest upon and cover the two poles ot any onel of the magnets, and they are preferably secured to plat-es or straps ot' iron b,'which in turn are secured to the cross-bars B and electrically insulated from them.

D is a rock-shaft,journaled on the points ot' screws c and c', which pass through the standards a' in the frame.

E is a rectangular frame, rigidly secured to the shaft D and arranged to rock with it, two of its opposite. sides being designated by e and c.

F and F are two series of armatures, corresponding respectively with the series ot' magnets O and O', one series arranged upon each side ot' the rock-shaft D and frame E, each armature being provided with an arm, d or d', which is loosely connected tothe shaft D. In each of the sides c and c' ofthe frame E are a series ot' slots or notches, j' and f,equal in number to the arms d and d', and regular-lyincreasing or decreasing in depth throughout the series. The arms d rest in the notchesf and the arms d in the notches f', and by reason ot' the varying depth of these notches in the sides of the frame the armatures of each ot' the series will be raised in succession one above the otherthat is, in succession by higher planes-as long as the arms d and d rest upon the bottoms ot their respective notches. The distance at which the armatures should rise one above the other will depend largely upon the power of the magnets, as the vertical distance between them should be such that each armature will be brought within the strong magnetic field ot' its magnets by the action ot the preceding magnets and armatures ot' the series. In the machine from which the drawings were made the armatures stand each about one inch higher or lower than those next adjacent of the series.

One or more magnets may be arranged to ICO operate upon each armature. In the drawings t `o magnets are employed for each armature, so connected with each other and with the eommutator that they are maguetized lat the same instant, and in this respect may be considered as a single magnet, though in powera decided advantage may be found in increasing the number of coils.

When the artus b of the magnets are placed at an incline or angle with the vertical arms ai, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, and the l'aces of the armatures are brought into suhstantially the shape or configuration shown in said Fie'. 2ihat is, the outer half of the armature made to conform nearly to aplane at right angles to the axis ofthe inclined arm of the magnetan advantage is gained as compared with the operation of' magnets with their poles in the same horizontal plane upon a plain or unbent armature. This results from the, circumstance that although the armature strikes both of the poles simultaneously, yet in its descent, in swinging from the central shaft, D, it is nearer the pole of the arm b than to that of the arm a, and is consequently more fully within the magnetic eld than if thepolc ofthe artn b werein the same horizontal plane with the pole of the arm a.

G is a lever or link, made fast preferably to one side of the frame E, so that it is rocked with the frame and the shaft D, and it is connected with the pitman or connecting-rod H by the usual pivoted joint, the pitman being in turn attached to the crank "I on the shat't J ofthe wheel K. The shaft J is journaled atg g in the fratne of the machine.

L M is a commutator, consisting of the stationary disk L, loose upon the shaft J and insulated therefrom, and the revolving standard M, fast to the shaft J, and provided with electric conducting points or rollers arranged to pass over the periphery of the disk L, which is divided into as many conducting'spaces, i11- sulated from each other, as there are sets of magnets in the series to be placed successively in the electric circuit. The commutator may, however, be of any construction and operation which will fultill the conditions requirednamely, to place the several magnets or sets ot' magnets within and out of the circuit in regular succession.

The machine is worked by a galvauic battery, one pole ofthe battery beingconveniently connected to the screw c by a wire, w, and the comm utator-standard M being electrically connected to the screw c through the shaft D, link G, connectingrod H, and shaft J. The opposite pole of the battery is connected by the wire w and its branches to each ofthe sets of magnets, and each of them are connected by separate conductors to the separate parts ot' the disk L which are insulated from each other, butare brought successively in electrical connection with the wire 1U, by which arrangement the sets of magnets are successively magnetized and demagnetized.

rlhe operation of this machine is briefly described as follows: The magnets of' the series G, for instance, are so connected with the commutator that the first of the series, having its armature nearest its poles, is first brought into circuit and magnetized. The armature is brought down ugon the poles of the magnets through their attraction, the frame ltl being rocked in that direction upon its shaftD. AS all the armatures F are attached to the frame E they will rock with it so long as they rest upon the bottoms of" their notches f, and as the first armature of the series descends upon its magnets all the armatures will descend through an equal distance, and the second of' the series will be brought within the full magnetic field of its magnets. The first magnets of the series are then demagnctized, thc second set magnetized and its arma-ture drawn down upon the poles, while the remaining ar matures descend toward but not upon the magnets. This operation is continued till all the armatures l" have been brought down upon the magnets C. The armatures F', upon the opposite side ofthe frame E, have inthe meantime been raised by the rock of' the frame to their full height, and now the magnets U arey successively magnetizcd, the armatures Fdescending upon their corresponding magnets andthe traine E rocked backward. By the descent of the arinaturt-s Fand the armatures F alternately the frame E is rocked up and down upon the shaft D and the power is transmitted to the wheel K through the crank I, pitman H, and link G.

1t is observed that when four armatures in each series are employed, arranged so that the highest will stand four inches above the poles of its magtets, each armature will be brought within one inch of the poles of its magnets before such magnets are tnagne'tized, and the full magnetic force will be exerted upon each armature when within near proximity to its poles; also, that. the range of the rock of the frame E will be equal to the distance at which the highest armature stands above the poles of its magnets. After the lirst armatures of the series have descended upon the magnets the further rocking of the frame in the same direction is not prevented, for the reason that the arms (Z and d are loosely connected to the shaft D and to the sides e and c of the frame. As the armaturesare lifted from their magnets the one which descended last will be lifted first, as it rests upon the bottom of its slot in the side of the fraaie, while by the continued downward rock ofthe frame after the preceding armatures have been stopped by contact with themagnets, theirslots haviugpassed at varying distances below the plane of the arms, d d', and these armatures will consequently be lifted at different times and toY different heights by the backward rock of the frame.

lt is further observed that each of the arma-v tures of the series F and F is within a strong magnetic tield before its magnets are placed in the circuit, the first armatures of the series by its position upon the frame, and the others suclOQ IIO

cessively by the action of the preceding magnets upon the preceding armatures, all rising or falling with the rock-frame, except when they are at rest upon the poles of their respective magnets.

In order to prevent the noise occasioned by the impact of the armatures upon the poles oi' the magnets, as well as the ett'ects of any residual magnetism communicated to the armatures by theiractual contact with the magnets, which would tend to retard the withdrawal ot' the armatures, stops ot' some elastic or other proper material may be located near the magnets, upon which the arms d d will strike in their descent, and Awhich will permit the armatures to come into near approach to the poles without the inconvenience otl coming in actual contact therewith.

rlhis invention is not limited to the number ot' armatures employed in the series, as two or any greater number may be employed to advantage, nor to the number', shape, or kind ot' magnets corresponding to each armature, as a series ot' single electro-magnets or sets of horseshoe or other magnets connected to constitute substantially a single magnet may be used. Neither is the invention limited, in its more important features, to the shape of the armatures in their relation to the poles ofthe magnets, nor to any special way of completing or breaking the electriccircuit, nor to any special construction ot' the commutator; but the main and essential features ot' the invention are the arrangement ofseries of armatures and series of corresponding magnets operating tobring the armatures successively in contact or in near approach to the poles of the mag nets, each armature being brought within the strong magnetic iield by the operation ot' the preceding magnets and armatures of the series.

What is claimed as new is- 1. The combination, substantially as de scribed, in an electro-magnetic engine, of a series of stationary magnets and aeorresponding series of armatures attached directly to a rock-shaft and swinging on a common center, and arranged at unequal distances from the poles of their magnets and operating. to descend toward such poles simultaneously, but to come in contact with or in near approach thereto successively, whereby the full force oi' each magnet is exerted upon its corresponding armature, and whereby a greater throw or vibra-tion can be given to the lever or link by which the power is transmitted.

2. rlhe combination, in an electro-magnetic engine, ot' a rock-frame with a series of armatures overhanging the sides of the frame and loosely connected to the rock-shaft by means of arms, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. In combination with series of magnets and series ot' corresponding armatures, a rockframe whose sides adjacent the magnets are provided with series ot' notches or slots of unequal depth, whereby the armatures are raised one above the other, and are brought in contact with or near approach to their corresponding magnets successively, substantially as described. 4

4. In an electro-magnetic engine, a series ot` magnets, each having one ot its arms, b, inclined toward its corresponding arm, a, in combination with a series ot' armatures swinging on a common center, each of' Whose faces are in two different planes, one at substantially right angles to the arm b and the other atrght angles to the arm a, substantially as and t'or the purpose described.

ADOLPH E. SCHREIBER.

llitiiesses:

A. B. Jovns7 R. F. GAYLoRD. 

